TR sequences

The intrinsic telomerase RNA (TR) component contains the template for nucleotide synthesis. TR contains a universal pseudoknot and a ubiquitous stem-loop junction structure [helix IV in ciliates, CR4/5 in vertebrates, three-way-junction (TWJ) in yeasts, and P6/P6.1 in filamentous fungi]. In addition to telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) binding sites, TR has species-specific protein binding moieties required for biogenesis. The most striking characteristic of TR is the astounding divergence in sequence, structure, and size, ranging from 100 nucleotides in ciliates, 400-500 nucleotides in vertebrates, and 1000-2000 nucleotides in fungi.

TR Sequences

Below are details on the RNA component sequences, the scientific and common name where applicable, the length, the GC content, the nucleotide sequence (.seq button), the genbank accession numbers that are linked to the record at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), and the original literature citations that are linked to the published online journal. The sequences are organized by general taxonomy. The GC% content is not provided for putative/partial sequences. The GC% content has been adjusted, where necessary, to account for any adjustment to the 5' or 3' ends compared to the NCBI record, numbers in parentheses.

Vertebrates

Vertebrates
Length
(nt)
GC %
Genbank ID
References
Mammals Homo sapiens (human)
451
67.73
Tupaia glis belangeri (common tree shrew)
467
66.6
Oryctolagus cuniculus (domestic rabbit)
451
68.51
Cavia porcellus (domestic guinea pig)
421
66.27
Chinchilla brevicaudata (short-tailed chinchilla)
447
66.22
Geomys breviceps (gopher)
449
67.71
Microtus ochrogaster (prairie vole)
399
62.16
Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)
382
65.45
Mus musculus (mouse)
397
66.75
Mus spretus (western wild mouse)
397
65.24
Mus musculus castaneus (Asian house mouse)
397
66.75
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
388
60.82
Mustela putorius furo (domestic ferret)
443
66.37
Procyon lotor (raccoon)
444
65.77
Felis catus (cat)
446
65.47
Bos taurus (cattle)
443
65.46
Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis (barking deer)
321
AY760074 (partial sequence)
Sus scrofa (pig)
541
66.91
482
52.07
AF221942 (pseudo gene)
Suncus murinus (Asian house shrew)
451
66.3
Equus caballus (domestic horse)
443
70.2
Dasypus novemcinctus (armadillo)
450
66.44
Dasyurus hallucatus (northern quoll)
508
73.23
Elephas maximus (Asian elephant)
454
67.18
Trichechus manatus (Caribbean manatee)
470
64.26
Birds Gallus gallus (chicken)
465
76.77
Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (macaw)
434
71.89
Chelydra serpentina (snapping turtle)
410
72.44
Amphibians Bombina japonica (toad)
412
49.03
Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog)
449
58.57
Ceratophrys ornata (ornate horned frog)
405
56.79
Pyxicephalus adspersus (bull frog)
397
59.19
Dermophis mexicanus (Mexican caecilian)
445
59.78
Herpele squalostoma (Congo caecilians)
444
60.36
Typhlonectes natans (Rio Cauca caecilian)
443
57.79
Fish Oryzias latipes (Medaka)
312
51.28
Nothobranchius furzeri (turquoise killifish)
133
FJ167673 (GRZ) (partial)
Hartmann et al, 2009
133
FJ167674 (MZM-0403) (partial)
Gasterosteus aculeatus (stickleback)
348
54.02
Takifugu rubripes (Fugu fish)
325
53.54
Tetraodon nigroviridis (green puffer fish)
328
55.49
Danio rerio (zebrafish)
317
48.90
Rhizoprionodon porosus (sharpnose shark)
548
63.32
Mustelus canis (smooth dogfish shark)
559
64.58
Dasyatis sabina (Atlantic stingray)
478
60.25
Chen et al, 2000
Rhinoptera bonasus (cownose ray)
491
59.27
Chen et al, 2000
Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey)yes
403
63.52
Logeswaran et al, 2020
Lethenteron camtschaticum (arctic lamprey)
404
61.14
Logeswaran et al, 2020
Lampetra planeri (brook lamprey)
423
61.47
Logeswaran et al, 2020
Eptatretus burgeri (Inshore hagfish)
430
49.77
Logeswaran et al, 2020
Eptatretus atami (Brown hagfish)
410
47.80
Logeswaran et al, 2020

Invertebrates

Invertebrates
Length
(nt)
GC %
Genbank ID
References
Chordates Asymmetron lucayanum (Bahamas lancelet)
393
56.74
Branchiostoma floridae (Florida lancelet)
418
56.94
Branchiostoma belcheri (Chinese amphioxus)
420
55.69
Echinoderms Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin)
535
41.50
Asterias amurensis (Northern Pacific seastar)
372
45.16
Asterias rubens (common starfish)
370
44.05
Asterias forbesi (Forbes sea star)
325
45.23
Pisaster giganteus (Gaint sea star)
280
43.21
Pisaster ochraceus (Ochre sea star)
428
44.63
Patiria miniata (Bat star)
425
49.65
Patiriella regularis (New Zealand common cushion star)
431
51.74
Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns starfish)
441
53.74
Echinaster spinulosus (small spine sea star)
455
50.99
Ophionereis fasciata (mottled brittle star)
420
43.33
Harrimaniidae sp. n. clade 3 JTC-2014
244
44.67
Ptychodera flava (acorn worm)
440
48.18
Lingula anatina
397
51.89
Phoronis australis (marine horseshoe worm)
395
46.84
Annelids Capitella teleta
324
50.93
Arenicola marina (lugworm)
239
50.63
Hydroides elegans (calcareous tube worm)
440
45.45
Eisenia fetida (common brandling worm)
414
47.34
Olavius algarvensis
399
47.62
Amynthas corticis
392
54.34
Molluscs Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail)
411
43.07
Conus tribblei (Tribble's cone)
370
54.32
Rapana venosa (veined rapa whelk)
338
51.78
Haliotis discus hannai (Japanese disc abalone)
402
47.26
Haliotis laevigata (greenlip abalone)
407
47.17
Haliotis tuberculata (green ormer)
369
46.07
Elysia timida
349
40.40
Elysia cornigera
354
40.11
Bathyberthella antarctica
247
46.96
Mytilus galloprovincialis (Mediterranean mussel)
349
37.82
Bathymodiolus platifrons
356
37.08
Modiolus philippinarum (Philippine horse mussel)
356
38.76
Pinctada fucata (Akoya pearl oyster)
351
43.30
Pinctada imbricata
367
42.78
Crassostrea gigas (Pacific oyster)
362
44.48
Nodipecten subnodosus (giant lion's paw)
252
45.63
Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Yesso scallop)
333
48.95
Cnidaria Acropora digitifera
470
45.96
Acropora cervicornis (staghorn coral)
361
45.15
Acropora hyacinthus
394
47.72
Stylophora pistillata (hood coral)
482
45.85
Seriatopora hystrix (bird's nest coral)
239
43.93
Pseudodiploria strigosa (symmetrical brain coral)
266
47.39
Dipsastraea lizardensis
472
45.34
Orbicella faveolata (mountainous star coral)
486
45.88
Montipora capitata (rice coral)
478
44.98
Galaxea fascicularis (octopus coral)
465
49.46
Porites astreoides (mustard hill coral)
484
47.93
Ctenactis echinata
285
48.77
Anthopleura elegantissima (clonal anemone)
404
44.06
Actinia tenebrosa (Australian red waratah sea anemone)
405
44.20
Corynactis australis
479
47.39
Ricordea yuma
450
44.22
Aurelia aurita (moon jelly)
445
45.84
Chrysaora fuscescens (Pacific sea nettle)
438
42.69
Rhopilema esculentum (flame jellyfish)
382
47.12
Periphylla periphylla (helmet jellyfish)
413
43.34
Calvadosia cruxmelitensis
348
45.11
Lucernaria quadricornis
405
45.68
Craspedacusta sowerbii (peach blossom jellyfish)
433
45.27
Trichoplax adhaerens
397
44.33
Porifera Amphimedon queenslandica
363
37.74
Sycon ciliatum
375
50.93
Oscarella carmela (slime sponge)
406
53.69

Fungi

Fungi
Length
(nt)
GC %
Genbank ID
References
Basidiomycota Ustilago maydis (Corn smut fungus)
1291
55.93
Ascomycota Saitoella complicata
JX173807
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast)
1207
35.63
EU239354
Saccharomycotina Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) S288
1158
35.84
NC_001134 (11-1168)
Saccharomyces pastorianus (lager yeast)
1196
37.79
Saccharomyces kudriavzevii
1215
36.57
Saccharomyces cariocanus
1163
35.54
Saccharomyces bayanus
1219
36.75
Saccharomyces paradoxus
1161
35.06
Saccharomyces mikatae
1215
35.14
Kluyveromyces lactis
1326
40.27
Kluyveromyces wickerhamii
1036
38.80
Kluyveromyces nonfermentans
928
38.58
Kluyveromyces marxianus
1516
37.86
AY151279 (118-1633)
Kluyveromyces dobzhanskii
1316
41.64
Kluyveromyces aestuarii
933
37.83
Candida albicans
1544
35.30
Candida glabrata
~2030
NC_006032 (668084-670574)
Sordariomycetes Neurospora crassa
2049
Neurospora discreta
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Neurospora tetrasperma
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Sordaria macrospora
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Podospora anserina
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Colletotrichum graminicola (Glomerella graminicola)
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Colletotrichum higginsianum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Fusarium graminearum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Fusarium verticillioides
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Fusarium oxysporum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Metarhizium acridum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Metarhizium anisopliae
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Verticillium albo-atrum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Verticillium dahilae
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Trichoderma atroviride
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Trichoderma reesei
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Trichoderma virens
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Acremonium alcalophilum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Nectria haematococca
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Chaetomium globosum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Sporotrichum thermophile
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Cryphonectria parasitica
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Thielavia terrestris
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Magnaporthe oryzae
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Magnaporthe poae
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Gaeumannomyces graminis
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Epichloe festucae
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Geomyces destructans
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Botrytis cinerea
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Sclerotina sclerotiorum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Cladonia grayi
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Xanthoria parietina
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Aspergillus nidulans (Emericella nidulans)
1584
Aspergillus fischeri (Neosartorya fischeri)
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Aspergillus fumigatus
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Aspergillus clavatus
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Aspergillus terreus
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Aspergillus aculeatus
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Aspergillus flavus
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Aspergillus oryzae
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Aspergillus niger
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Aspergillus carbonarius
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Penicillium chrysogenum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Penicillium marneffei
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Blastomyces dermatidis
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Histoplasma capsulatum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Coccidioides immitis
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Coccidioides posadasii
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Uncinocarpus reesii
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Microsporum gypseum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Microsporum canis
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Trichophyton rubrum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Trichophyton equinum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Trichophyton tonsurans
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Arthroderma benhamiae
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Trichophyton verrucosum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Talaromyces stipitatus
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Stagonospora nodorum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Pyrenophora tritici-repentis
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Pyrenophora teres f. teres
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Setosphaeria trucica
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Cochliobolus heterostrophus
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Alternaria brassicicola
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Leptosphaeria maculans
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Mycosphaerella graminicola (Zymoseptoria tritici)
2425
Mycosphaerella fijiensis
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Septoria musiva
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Dothistroma septosporum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Hysterium pulicare
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Rhytidhysteron rufulum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Tuber melanosporum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
Phymatotrichum omnivorum
(no Genbank ID available)(predicted)
* The Genbank records have been adjusted for the 5' and 3' ends, numbers in parentheses.

Plants

Plants
Length
(nt)
GC %
Genbank ID
References
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
268
46.6
MN701893 (AB646770.1)
Daucus carota
276
47.5
BK011296
Chrysanthemum seticuspe
283
45.9
BK011297
Echium plantagineum
247
49.0
BK011298
Aethionema arabicum
267
49.4
BK011299
Arabidopsis halleri
269
45.0
BK011300
Arabidopsis lyrata
267
43.4
BK011301
Arabis alpina
260
43.5
BK011302
Arabis montbretiana
271
42.4
BK011303
Arabis nordmanniana
268
45.9
BK011304
Barbarea vulgaris
265
45.7
BK011305
Boechera stricta
267
46.8
BK011306
Brassica cretica
275
51.3
BK011307
Brassica juncea
268
45.9
BK011308
Brassica rapa
269
49.8
BK011309
Capsella bursa-pastoris
271
47.2
BK011310
Conringia planisiliqua
265
46.8
BK011311
Crucihimalaya himalaica
265
48.3
BK011312
Euclidium syriacum
238
46.6
BK011313
Eutrema heterophyllum
231
45.5
BK011314
Eutrema salsugineum
262
47.7
BK011315
Eutrema yunnanense
264
47.7
BK011316
Leavenworthia alabamica
278
46.8
BK011317
Raphanus raphanistrum
255
48.2
BK011318
Raphanus sativus
255
47.8
BK011319
Schrenkiella parvula
268
46.3
BK011320
Sisymbrium irio
269
46.5
BK011321
Tarenaya hassleriana
261
54.4
BK011322
Thlaspi arvense
265
46.0
BK011323
Beta vulgaris
279
50.5
BK011324
Cucurbita argyrosperma
249
49.4
BK011325
Pisum sativum
266
47.0
BK011326
Casuarina equisetifolia
254
55.5
BK011327
Coffea eugenioides
266
53.8
BK011328
Olea europaea var. sylvestris
256
44.9
BK011329
Caryocar brasiliense
269
56.1
BK011330
Manihot esculenta
272
54.8
BK011331
Populus simonii
274
54.4
BK011332
Viola pubescens
259
55.2
BK011333
Aquilaria agallochum
277
53.8
BK011334
Aquilaria sinensis
266
54.5
BK011335
Corchorus capsularis
270
52.2
BK011336
Corchorus olitorius
268
52.2
BK011337
Durio zibethinus
263
56.7
BK011338
Gossypioides kirkii
235
44.7
BK011339
Gossypium arboreum
246
48.0
BK011340
Gossypium australe
275
46.5
BK011341
Gossypium thurberi
249
45.0
BK011342
Kokia drynarioides
236
44.9
BK011343
Theobroma cacao
264
54.9
BK011344
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
249
61.0
BK011345
Eucalyptus melliodora
250
60.4
BK011346
Aristotelia chilensis
252
52.8
BK011347
Cephalotus follicularis
263
52.1
BK011348
Macadamia integrifolia
266
48.5
BK011349
Rosa chinensis
261
55.6
BK011350
Atalantia buxifolia
262
56.1
BK011351
Azadirachta indica
259
52.9
BK011352
Citrus hindsii
259
54.1
BK011353
Citrus clementina
256
55.1
BK011354
Xanthoceras sorbifolium
249
55.0
BK011355
Cuscuta australis
251
55.8
BK011356
Nicotiana rustica
249
43.0
BK011357
Nicotiana tabacum
247
44.1
BK011358
Solanum tuberosum
259
49.4
BK011359
Musa balbisiana
275
51.3
BK011360
Posidonia oceanica
246
46.3
BK011361
Calamus simplicifolius
276
45.7
BK011362
Amborella trichopoda
281
47.3
BK011363
Liriodendron chinense
279
49.5
BK011364
equoia sempervirens
303
50.2
BK011365
Larix sibirica
350
48.9
BK011366
Picea glauca
347
48.4
BK011367
Picea abies
349
48.4
BK011368
Pinus lambertiana
344
48.3
BK011369
Pinus taeda
346
48.6
BK011370
Pseudotsuga menziesii
348
49.7
BK011371
Isoetes echinospora
280
48.9
BK011372
Selaginella kraussiana
296
53.7
BK011373
Selaginella bryopteris
305
55.1
BK011374
Selaginella tamariscina
300
56.7
BK011375

Viruses

Viruses
Length
(nt)
GC %
Genbank ID
References
MDV-1 (Marek's disease alphaherpesvirus 1) RB1B
442
73.53
AF331499 (160-601)
MDV-2 (Marek's disease alphaherpesvirus 2) GA
446
72.65
AF147806 (246-691)
Md5
442
73.53
AF243438 (1676-2117)
RM-1
442
73.53
EF526179 (3436-3877)
(reverse complement)